Author: coffeeandhistory

The 14 August 1943 the Badoglio Government unilaterally proclaims that Rome Open City. Already Foreign Minister Raffaele Guariglia had anticipated this announcement on 31 July to Vatican. USA and England will have that communication from the Vatican a month later. The international law of war stipulates that the status of Open City is that a city is demilitarized is strictly defensive offensive. The usefulness of such a move is the fact that we want to avoid dangerous war situations, for the population but also to safeguard the artistic and cultural heritage of a city. While l’ Italy was committed to achieving “opened” all’ Allied occupation, the Germans did not conceived minimante the solution and made their own stiff resistance. This involved the Allied reaction that bombarded Rome 51 times before being released on 4 June 1944.

Hector Parker

The Berlin Olympics 1936 Nazi propaganda took care to detail the preparation and conduct of this event. Every action movie or video should tend towards a single purpose: prove the supremacy of the Aryan race. This competition was an opportunity for the Fuhrer to show the world the power, the force, but mostly the rebirth of the German nation. The Director of the event was entrusted to Director Leni Riefenstahl, already the author of two propaganda films on nazionalsocialimo: the task of Leni was to capture the best shots German athletes, highlighting their athleticism, their strength, their beauty, their spirit ariano, how nature had shaped the bodies of these athletes making them perfect. Like the ancient Spartans fighters the Germans were ready to fight to win, both in sports and military. Meanwhile, Europe still remained watching thinking to have the international situation under control and not intervening against the despotic assertion of national socialism, but rather trying to exploit it in their favor against Russian power. European counterpart was a strongman immobilism, ready to climb power at any cost, German icon, a demigod: Adolf Hitler. Even the prestigious magazine journalism “Times” will recognize this statuts the Fuhrer dedicating the cover of 1938.
In the Olympics of 1936 where German athletes are the strongest in various disciplines, where everything is organized to enhance their supremacy, something happens that no one would ever expect and that provoked that gesture of anger of the Fuhrer immortalized on camera. It happened that an American boy of color, Jesse Owens, won four gold medals: the 100 meters, the men's long jump, the 200 meters, the relay 4×100 meters.
An athlete of color had won major competitions of the Olympic Games, an athlete of color had climbed on the highest step of the podium with heads held high, leaving his opponent German second place, an athlete of color had competed and won against racism a whole Stadium, of an entire society enhanced of aryanism. Jesse Owens has shown how the theory of the superiority of the Aryan race touted by national socialism was absurd and without any basis.
Today, in contemporary times, We are witnessing new phenomena of antisemitism, of racial discrimination, by claiming to defend borders without reminding us that there are no races, they are a mental construction of man but there is a human being, that this land has been given to us by nature without boundaries and always on this earth we are guests.
Today we need more Jesse Owens, We need more people who boldly and head-on remind us that we are all living beings, All Men alike.
Roberto

The battle of El Alamein between’ October and November 1942 where the English troops of General Montgomery was forced to surrender the German-Italian troops commanded by Rommel was the signal for the’ Italy was maturing the utter defeat in World War II. King Victor Emmanuel III in may 1943 looking for a’ alternative to Mussolini began to converse with Badoglio, also sought to establish a dialogue with the’ England. The discontent surfaced everywhere. Strikes in March in Turin and Milan. The 10 July 1943 the Anglo-Americans landed on the Italian coast. Mussolini was aware of getting to its end, but he tried in vain to seek mediation with Hitler to Feltre on 19 July 1943. He wanted to propose to the Fuhrer exit dell’ Italy from the war, but Hitler in a foul mood did not even speak Italian dictator, just throw the bounds of ally. Il Duce returned to Rome the same evening, that day the allies had roscesciato a disproportionate amount of bombs on the capital. The situation was increasingly dramatic. The 4 June 1943 the King met in hearing Dino Grandi, Speaker of the House. On that occasion the King indicated the procedure to bring the institutional powers to himself after having previously delivered to Duce. It was then that an institutional body, the Grand Council of fascism for example, He used his powers to emasculate Mussolini. Il Duce was then cornered and reluctantly, Since he had full situational awareness, he summoned the special session of the Grand Council for 17 of 24 July 1943. This institution was created in 1928 not met by the 1939. The members of the Grand Council were 28. Mussolini tried to defend his actions by blaming subordinates negligence different to justify the bad fortunes of war. Dino Grandi spoke and presented his agenda in which called for the restoration of traditional and institutional activities the reacquisition by the King of executive powers of head of State. His speaking abilities allowed him to stay in a particular balance in condemning the dictatorship of Mussolini that actually, Second Largest, ruined the original ideals of fascism. Mussolini listened without having the force of counter, but he had a’ last card, or churches a few hours to suspend the sitting. But great was adamant it was necessary to go straight to the end, in order not to risk being arrested and give a chance to the Duce to rehabilitate itself somehow. At 2 the following morning, Mussolini put it to a vote l’ Big agenda. The vote was as follows: 19 votes in favour, 9 against and one abstention. Mussolini exhausted asked “who will bear the King the result?” Large answered him “You'll do”. The next day the Duce was received at Villa Savoia by the King. He was arrested by police and taken away in ambulances. At 22.30 the radio gave the news. This was the first fall of fascism, the second and final took place on 25 April 1945.

Hector Parker