A woman who is not afraid: Edda Ciano Mussolini

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1925. A teenage girl of fifteen years has just found out that mom has a love affair with the stationmaster of the country. The girl ashamed and disapproval of the behavior of the mother. Still doesn't know that life, sometimes, door men and women to seek consolation, revenge, or just a form of love outside of marriage. And condemnation for this mother, often violent and grumpy, a mother from slap easy, always locked in the kitchen. For the girl is simply inconceivable to think that dad might be betrayed. He knows that his father has betrayed and betrays often mom, especially during his long absence for work, but that does not count. He can, He can do all things.
This is the story of Edda Ciano Mussolini. Born in 1910, often lives far from father. However between the two develops a deep bond, made of silences full of meaning. It is the father who teaches her that should never be seen crying in public, and above all must never be afraid.
The beloved daughter of the duce, the eldest, is a capricious girl and stubborn, restless and bizarre, the only one who can stand up to the father and to which it is allowed to do so. Parents see in marriage the only natural brake at this girl's smart and rebellious excesses: start this way to propose to Edda a number of young men with excellent references, which are discarded one after another. The young man had a Jewish boy, presenting to the mother: Rachele, out of spite, preparing a lunch of ham, What that does not factor at all the pretender. Benito refuses to grant their hand obviously preferred to a Jew, and between these two the relationship ends. However, Edda in getting, ten years later, her Jewish friend from the concentration camp that was finished because of racial events.
Edda weddings in Rome 24 April 1930 count Galeazzo Ciano, met at a ball a few months before. A man who Edda will define perfect, Although it is still herself who described it as a husband by the hand "to and fro" and especially as a large "tombeur de femmes". The daughter of Mussolini will suffer greatly as a result of cheating husband, until, After spending an entire night trying in vain to get sick from pneumonia to frighten her husband, decide that whatever happened she would not have been ever more jealous. Edda and cyan continued to live together, UPS and downs, being like brother and sister, but not stopped ever to betray each other.
War breaks out: Edda works right from the start as a red cross nurse, first in Turin, then in Albania, where your ship is sunk by a British torpedo, and finally in Sicily, during the allied landings.
The 25 July 1943 the Countess is on holiday at the seaside with children, When it receives a message from the husband Cyan that asks her to return for Rome. Il duce fell. Edda strives to find a safe place for the whole family, trying first to the Vatican, then addressing himself directly to the Germans: the latter offer the family an escape for the Cyan Spain, but will prove a trap that will lead us in Germany, prisoners of the Nazis. The 18 October 1943 Cyan is stopped by officials of the new Social Republic of Salo and recalled to Italy: After you've secured the children in Switzerland, the woman will do anything to try to free her husband and to avoid the death sentence. Edda try to swap the man's diaries (anti German) to obtain in Exchange for the release of her husband; but Ciano is brutally shot the 11 January 1944 in Verona, along with other "traitors".
For Edda this is the beginning of the end. In the last meeting with il duce took place a few weeks before, Edda told Benito that if he hadn't intervened for Galeazzo she would have considered her father. The woman is angry with his mother, He has never taken the side of cyan in the past, much less in this circumstance.
Edda rejoins with children in Switzerland, Sola, and you move from a nursing home to another. He carries her husband's diaries, which will become a historical source of primary importance to reconstruct the facts of fascism from ' 36 to ' 43. And Switzerland that Edda will, via radio, the dreadful end of his father, the disgraceful end of piazzale Loreto, Mussolini hanging upside down with his mistress Claretta Petacci.
It's the showdown: Edda is called in Italy, and with grotesque charges was sent into internal exile on Lipari. Benefiting from an amnesty, Unable to be reunited with her children after a year of posting, and the battle begins to get the corpse of his father and the family property, battle that after long years will win.

The only thing that Edda claims to have done well is being managed, over time, to reunite what remained of his family: his mother and mother-in-law, the children and grandmothers. Inflexible and authoritarian woman, called "Edda" by his own sons, but at the same time fragile and vulnerable woman, Edda suffered unimaginable suffering, but following the advice of father, "never be afraid", he dared, After the terrible facts that marked his life, to live a near normal life.

Maria

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Will is power: the woman who won the "top of Europe"

 

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September 1838. Chamonix. Like all day, stands out in the open sky the huge Mont Blanc, the massif of the Alps, "Top of Europe" with its 4.810 meters of altitude. The village is in a tizzy, something's up again and bizarre: a French woman, a Countess, want to reach the Summit of Mount, and he wants to do it alone, Thanks to their strength and stubbornness only.

In 1811 already another French woman, Marie Paradis, He attempted the ascent of the Massif, arriving at the Summit. Failed to accomplish the feat only thanks to their strengths, but he had to, halfway, beseech the help of guides who brought the woman to shoulders, seeds passed out, to the top.
Henriette of Angeville, our protagonist, He was a passionate of mountains. Born in Burgundy in 1794, He moved with his family in the Rhône, in Southern France – Eastern. There the contessina fell soon of nature and of the Alps; from an early age Henriette took it into his head that one day would attempt the climb, and that would be the first woman to reach the Summit without the help of a man.
So the 02 September 1838, at 6 in the morning, the woman and the guides began in March. The path was up to 4.300 meters of altitude, When the cold was almost unbearable, as well as fatigue. Henriette threatened several times to fall on deaf ears, but he always refused to take her shoulders, stubborn and obstinate in his purpose. The party reached the Summit the next day at 13,25. The Countess, at the peak of satisfaction and happiness wrote in the snow: "Willpower", as if to say that nothing is impossible if coexist determination and efforts to achieve their goals.
Nicknamed "the girlfriend of Mont Blanc", Henriette and her story are quickly fallen into oblivion, Although the effort completed by the woman can be regarded as a real company. Mountain climbing as we understand it today, extension of Alpine tourism in addition to joy of discovery, did not exist in those years, and mostly the activity at high altitude was practiced by men for scientific purposes, as the measurement of pressure and temperature. Henriette was not only the first woman to reach their own feet the highest peak in Europe, But even ahead of the times and the passions that would then distinguished many women centuries.

Maria

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Deviant culture: the problem of female circumcision

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The 6 February marks the international day against female circumcision, or female genital mutilation.
The term comes from the Latin female circumcision fibula, brooch. It is a practice that has exclusively cultural origins and non-religious, Although it is mostly common in Islamic countries.
Infibulation is practised on girls in adolescence, often without any type of anesthesia. The operation consists in exporting of clitoris, the labia minora and part of the labia majora, and ending with the seam of the vulva; It is "torn" only at the time of marriage to allow sexual intercourse and childbirth. After birth, the vulva is sewn up.
The history of this practice is very ancient and shrouded in mystery; born probably in ancient Egypt, It was also practiced in Rome as a measure to control the sexuality of the slaves. They were and are the women to practice female circumcision to other women, This is essentially a practice that is passed from mother to daughter. Mostly it is lived as a kind of initiation rite, and mothers, Although they have tried to turn physical and psychological pain that involves this operation, they want their daughters will be subject because otherwise they would not be accepted by the company, because it would be considered "impure" beings, Unable to marry.
In the world are more than 100 million women who undergo this treatment, in more than forty countries, and with peaks that reach the 100% of the female population in Egypt and Somalia. Even in large western cities registering hundreds of thousands of women infibulate, and only in Italy are more than forty thousand.
Even proponents of multiculturalism can remain indifferent to this custom and tradition so little justifiable, whose meaning is synonymous with only the loss of individuality and of their fundamental rights, In addition to countless sacrifices and sufferings.

Maria

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The First Lady of the world: Eleanor Roosevelt

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Coming from a wealthy family of the bourgeoisie in New York, grandson of the 26th President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt, Eleanor was dubbed "the ugly duckling", because of his physical appearance just graceful.
He met Franklin at a family Christmas party: the two began dating from 1902, and they married on 17 March 1905.
The marriage was not happy, mainly because of the intrusiveness of the mother-in-law of Eleanor, contrary to the Union, and numerous cheating made by spouses. Despite this, Eleanor supported her husband's career throughout his life and his political ascent. During the difficult years of the New Deal, in both positions during World War II, not only the first lady was beside the President, but often their personal contribution in the decisions to be made and strategies implemented.
Eleanor was particularly attentive to causes such as civil rights and the rights of African Americans. Often he was in having to replace her husband, ill with polio and paralyzed in the legs, in official visits, particularly at the front, where supported morally troops and Red Cross activities. Became "the legs and ears ' of the President.
After the death of Franklin in 1945, Eleanor retired to private life: the successor to the White House, Truman, He chose her as the representative of the United States at the Conference for human rights at the United Nations Commission. The Roosevelt occupied this position until 1952, and earned the nickname "First Lady of the World".
After the second world war, played a crucial role in the drafting and adoption of the Universal Declaration of human rights and the citizen, you defined in the famous speech of 28 September 1948 the "Magna Carta of all mankind".
Yet, Eleanor was chosen by John F. Kennedy in ' 60 to head the Presidential Commission on the status of women.
Eleanor Roosevelt is still a revered character in the United States and many first ladies who have succeeded have claimed to be inspired by her figure; certainly Eleanor rejected the traditional role of mere "hostess" and undertaken for the first time social and political initiatives of great importance and successfully. Certainly will be remembered not only for being the Eleanor wife of a President.

Maria

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